Neoformation of montmorillonite by post-depositional subsurface weathering in a slope deposit in central France     

J. Sevink  J. M. Verstraten 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1978,3(1):23-29

Observations on an Early Quaternary slope deposit in the Massif Central indicated that the texture and mineralogy of this deposit have been seriously altered by post-depositional subsurface weathering. Analyses of clay fractions and water samples show that the montmorillonite present is a stable mineral in this environment and is, and has been, newly formed. As shown by water analyses from nearby sites, the chemical environment is strongly dependent on local factors. Consequently it can be seen that great care should be taken firstly in correlating different slope deposits on the basis of texture and clay mineralogy and secondly in using these parameters as (paleo) climatic indicators.  相似文献   

A survey of the non-marine Cretaceous in China     

Chen Pei-ji 《Cretaceous Research》1983,4(2):123-143

A review of the stratigraphy of the continental Cretaceous sequences is given. Conchastracans, ostracods and charophytes have proved useful in biostratigraphy, with additional aid from pelecypods, gastropods, larger plant fossil and, locally, dinosaur remains.The continental Lower Cretaceous deposits are considered to fall into three domains: the Circum-Pacific, the Tethyan and the NW Chinese. The continental Upper Cretaceous sediments occur mainly in the three domains: NW Chinese, SE Chinese and NE Chinese.  相似文献   

The importance of grain size and shape in controlling the dispersion of the Vedde cryptotephra     

Jennifer Saxby  Alison Rust  Katharine Cashman  Frances Beckett 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):175-185

Volcanic ash is dispersed in the atmosphere according to meteorology and particle properties, including size and shape. However, the multiple definitions of size and shape for non-spherical particles affect our ability to use physical particle properties to understand tephra transport. Moreover, although particles are often excluded from operational ash dispersion model setups, ash in tephra deposits 1000 km from source can exceed . Here we measure the shape and size of samples of Vedde ash from Iceland, an exceptionally widespread tephra layer in Europe, collected in Iceland and Norway. Using X-ray computed tomography and optical microscopy, we show that distal ash is more anisotropic than proximate ash, suggesting that shape exerts an important control on tephra dispersion. Shape also impacts particle size measurements. Particle long axis, a parameter often reported by tephrochronologists, is on average greater than geometric size, used by dispersion modellers. By using geometric size and quantifying shape, we can explain the transport of Vedde ash particles more than 1200 km from source. We define a set of best practices for measuring the size and shape of cryptotephra shards and discuss the benefits and limitations of using physical particle properties to understand cryptotephra transport.  相似文献   

The use of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation contrast imaging as tools for sulphide textural studies: example from the Greens Creek deposit (Alaska)     

Katja?Freitag  Alan?P.?BoyleEmail author  Eric?Nelson  Murray?Hitzman  James?Churchill  Magda?Lopez-Pedrosa 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(1):103-113

The Greens Creek polymetallic massive sulphide deposit is hosted in a typical polyphase deformed lower greenschist facies orogenic setting. The structure of the host rocks is well constrained, exhibiting a series of three superimposed ductile deformations followed by two brittle episodes. The ore is found both in fold hinges where early-formed depositional features are preserved and in fold limbs where primary features are typically strongly modified or obliterated. Samples from both settings have been investigated using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) coupled with forescatter orientation contrast (OC) imaging in order to observe the effects of deformation and lower greenschist facies metamorphism on pyrite. Results suggest that colloform pyrite may preserve information relevant to palaeoenvironment, that apparently simple textures are generally more complex, and that pyrite can deform plastically by dislocation glide and creep processes at lower temperatures and/or strain rates than generally accepted. This analysis indicates that EBSD and OC imaging provide powerful tools for observing textural relationships in pyrite that are not shown by more traditional methods. They should become routine tools for pyrite texture analysis.Editorial handling: D. Lentz  相似文献   

Reply to Discussion on “Tectonic controls of Mississippi Valley-type lead–zinc mineralization in orogenic forelands” by S.E. Kesler,J.T. Christensen,R.D. Hagni,W. Heijlen,J.R. Kyle,K.C. Misra,P. Muchez,and R. van der Voo,<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Mineralium Deposita</Emphasis>     

Dwight?C.?BradleyEmail author  David?L.?Leach  David?Symons  Poul?Emsbo  Wayne?Premo  George?Breit  D.?F.?Sangster 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(4):515-519

  相似文献   

Komatiites and nickel sulfide ores of the Black Swan area,Yilgarn Craton,Western Australia. 3: Komatiite geochemistry,and implications for ore forming processes     

Stephen?J.?BarnesEmail author  Robin?E.?T.?Hill  Noreen?J.?Evans 《Mineralium Deposita》2004,39(7):729-751

The Black Swan komatiite sequence is a package of dominantly olivine-rich cumulates with lesser volumes of spinifex textured rocks, interpreted as a section through an extensive komatiite lava flow field. The sequence hosts a number of nickel sulfide orebodies, including the Silver Swan massive shoot and the Cygnet and Black Swan disseminated orebodies. A large body of whole rock analyses on komatiitic rocks from the Black Swan area has been filtered for metasomatic effects. With the exception of mobile elements such as Ca and alkalis, most samples retain residual igneous geochemistry, and can be modelled predominantly by fractionation and accumulation of olivine. Whole rock MgO–FeO relationships imply a relatively restricted range of olivine compositions, more primitive than the olivine which would have been in equilibrium with the transporting komatiite lavas, and together with textural data indicate that much of the cumulus olivine in the sequence was transported. Flow top compositions show evidence for chromite saturation, but the cumulates are deficient in accumulated chromite. Chromite compositions are typical of those found in compound flow-facies komatiites, and are distinct from those in komatiitic dunite bodies. Incompatible trace element abundances show three superimposed influences: control by the relative proportion of olivine to liquid; a signature of crustal contamination and an overprint of metasomatic introduction of LREE, Zr and Th. This overprint is most evident in cumulates, and relatively insignificant in the spinifex rocks. Platinum and palladium behaved as incompatible elements and are negatively correlated with MgO. They show no evidence for wholesale depletion due to sulfide extraction, which was evidently restricted to specific lava tubes or pathways. The lack of correspondence between PGE depletion and contamination by siliceous material implies that contamination alone is insufficient to generate S-saturation and ore formation in the absence of sulfide in the assimilant. Contamination signatures in spinifex-textured rocks may be a guide to Ni-sulfide mineralisation, but are not entirely reliable in the absence of other evidence. The widespread vesicularity of the sequence may be attributable to assimilated water rather than to primary mantle-derived volatiles, and cannot be taken as evidence for primary volatile-rich magmas. The characteristic signature of the Black Swan Succession is the presence of highly localised disseminated sulfide within a sequence showing more widespread evidence for crustal contamination and interaction with its immediate substrate. This has important implications for the applicability of trace element geochemistry in exploration for komatiite-hosted nickel deposits.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at Editorial handling: Peter Lightfoot  相似文献   

矿床四维时空定量评价的新认识——以西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿床为例   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

王功文  陈建平 《现代地质》2004,18(4):537-542

大型、超大型斑岩铜矿的定量研究正在受到广泛关注,集中体现在现代矿产资源勘探模式趋向于从经验找矿、理论找矿和信息找矿3大传统找矿方法向集成信息技术方向发展。本项研究以青藏高原典型的玉龙斑岩铜矿床为例进行分析,提出了矿床定量评价的4个方面的新认识:(1)区域矿床发生、发展的年代与消亡速率的确定是研究矿床规模与保存环境的重要参数;(2)研究区的古地理、古气候特征有利于斑岩体的剥蚀起始时间的估算,研究区不同时代地层剖面的对比分析以及成矿古地理环境的模拟有利于正确评价斑岩矿床的形成与保存现状;(3)地层、岩体、构造和DEM数据的三维空间定量研究是正确评价"多位一体"成矿模式的重要因素;(4)3S技术发展了三维可视化技术、数据融合和模拟技术,能够最大限度地利用各种多元数据(地质、地球物理、地球化学和遥感等)资料,有助于提高发现大型矿床或潜在矿床的成功率。  相似文献   

内蒙古狼山—渣尔泰山中元古代被动陆缘热水喷流成矿特征   总被引：22，自引：1，他引：21  

彭润民  翟裕生 《地学前缘》2004,11(1):257-268

狼山—渣尔泰山中元古代被动陆缘产有东升庙、炭窑口、霍各乞和甲生盘等热水喷流沉积矿床 ,与世界中元古代的SEDEX型矿集区有许多相似之处 :①矿床的产出受华北古陆北缘裂陷槽内三级断陷盆地控制 ;②各大矿床都具有鲜明的层控特征 ,所有矿体总体呈层产在中元古界的白云石大理岩、碳质千枚岩 (或片岩 )中 ;③矿石具有细纹层状、条带状构造 ,喷流沉积成矿特征十分明显 ;④成矿过程中伴有明显的同生断裂活动 ,它在一定程度上控制了矿体的空间分布及其组合 ;但不同矿床同生断裂活动的强度、时限、规模都不同 ,从而导致不同矿床在相同含矿岩组中矿体产出的先后顺序不同和大量层间砾岩与同生角砾状矿石的形成 ;⑤厚大Zn ,Pb ,Cu复合矿体具有明显的分带性 ,自下至上 ,Cu/ (Zn +Pb +Cu)比值由高→低 ;⑥重晶石层发育 ,多与黄铁矿层互层状产出 ,也有与闪锌矿层互层 ,但与世界典型SEDEX型矿床又有重要差别。成矿期间火山活动明显 ,在霍各乞、东升庙、炭窑口矿床惟一容矿的狼山群第二岩组中先后发现了具有变余斑状或聚斑状结构、变余杏仁构造的基性火山岩、钠质“双峰式”火山岩和钾质“双峰式”海相火山岩及凝灰岩夹层。结合①各种硫化物的铅同位素主要分布在地幔和下地壳铅演化曲线附近 ;②部分黄铁矿的Co/Ni值远  相似文献   

西天山阿吾拉勒二叠纪陆相长英质火山岩铜银矿矿床模式   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

任秉琛  邬介人 《西北地质》2004,37(3):51-55

通过对西天山二叠纪陆相火山岩及成矿作用的研究,指出铜银矿床与长英质火山岩一石英钠长斑岩有直接关系,并从成矿构造背景、产出地质环境、矿床地质特征等方面总结出二叠纪陆相长英质火山岩铜银矿床矿床模式。  相似文献   

基于GIS软件平台的航磁弱信息提取研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

韩绍阳  侯惠群  柯丹  张鹏 《铀矿地质》2003,19(6):360-365

本介绍了航磁弱信息提取的内涵,探讨了航磁弱信息提取理论,阐述了选用的数学物理方法原理。基于GIS软件平台,提出了一种有利于弱信息显示的数据可视化方法——“1／4方差”法。在东胜地区完成了弱信息提取方法的有效性试验,结果表明航磁弱异常增强方法可有效地压制干扰噪声,提高信噪比,缩小铀成矿有利靶区。  相似文献